Semantics - words related to social living.

Semantics is the linguistic study of the meaning of a word, phrase, or text in language.

1.  Muangana = king.

2.  Vamiangana (plural) = kings.

3.  Lisano = king's wife/queen consort.

4.  Muata = ruler. Mwata is incorrect spelling.

5.  Vamiata (plural) = rulers.

6.  Tuamane = leader.

7.  Vatuama (plural) = leaders.

8.  Kasongo = official/senior advisor to the king.

9.  Tusongo (plural) = officials/advisors to the king.

10.  Ngazi = judge.

11.  Sukulu = Lord.

12.  Mulongisi = teacher.

13.  Ndongesi = student.

14  Fumbelo = rich person.

15.  Kanganda = messenger.

16.  Vakua manda = bodyguards.

17.  Ngomba = a person who plays royal drums.

18.  Kandeyi = King's valet.

19.  Cilongo = crown. Not chilongo.

20.  Mufuka = fly whisk.

21.  Vumpahu = glory.

22.  Kavumbi = favour/grace.

23.  Kasingimiko = honour.

24.  Mangana = wisdom.

25.  Litavasiano = agreement/convenant.

26.  Sangala = praise.

27.  Mukuasi = helper.

28.  Vamala = gentlemen/men.

29.  Vusamba = friendship.

30.  Kavusamba = friend.

31.  Mundambo = known person who is native-born.

RELATIONSHIP - VUSOKO.

A relative (kavusoko) is a person related to another by blood, marriage or by common origin.

1. Visemi = parents.

2. Tata or vatata = father or paternal uncle or great grandfather.

3. Tatetu = our father.

4. Iso or vaiso = your father.

5. Ise or vaise = his or her father.

6. Iseavo = their father.

7. Nana or vanana = mother or maternal aunt or great grandmother.

8. Nanetu = our mother.

9. Noko = your mother.

10. Naye or vanaye = his or her mother.

11. Nayavo = their mother.

12. Cinavala = aunt or paternal aunt.

13. Cinavaletu = our aunt.

14. Sonavala = your aunt.

15. Senavala = his or her aunt 

16. Nanantu = uncle or maternal uncle.

17. Nokontu = your uncle.

18. Nentu = his or her uncle.

19. Tolomueno = father-in-law or son-in-law.

20. Somueno = your father-in-law or son-in-law.

21. Semueno = his or her father-in-law or son-in-law.

22. Niotomueno = mother-in-law or daughter-in-law.

23. Nokomueno = your mother-in-law or daughter-in-law.

24. Nemueno = his or her mother-in-law or daughter-in-law.

25. Niali or Nialivuko = brother-in-law or sister-in-law.

26. Yaya = elder brother or sister.

27. Ntsongo = younger brother or sister.

28. Ndumbu = sister.

29. Muanetu = brother or sister (by maternal aunt or paternal uncle).

30. Mpanji = cousin ( child of maternal uncle or paternal aunt).

31. Muihua = nephew or niece.

32. Kuku = grandfather or grandmother.

33. Muzukulu = grandchild.

34. Muzukuluila = great grandchild.

32.  Cifuti = country/nation.

33.  Cifuti ca cisemua = native country.

34.  Vana va cisemua = children of native habitants of a village.

35.  Vana va hembo = children of slaves.

WORDS EXPRESSING PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP.

The Luchazi language is very rich in pronouns. Here are some of the common words and phrases that are widely used by people who use Luchazi as a means of communication.

1.  Yaliange or Yala yange - My husband.

2.  Yaliove or Yala yove - Your husband.

3.  Yalieni or Yala yeni - Her husband.

4.  Yalietu or Yala uetu -  our husband.

5.  Mpueiange or Mpuevo yange - My wife.

6.  Mpueieni or Mpuevo ueni - His wife.

7.  Mpueliove or Mpuevo yove - Your wife.

8. Mpueietu or Mpuevo uetu - Our wife.

9.  Vampuezietu or Vampuevo zietu - Our wives.

10.  Muanange - My child.

11.  Muanove - Your child.

12.  Muaneni  - His or her child.

13. Muanenu - Your child.

14.  Muanavo - their child.

15.  Muanetu or Muana uetu - Our child.

16.  Muana katumba - stepchild.

16.  Vusoko - Relation/relative.

17.  Vavusoko - Relatives.

18.  Vavusoko zietu - Our relatives.

Other important words that express affection, aversion and pleasure are:

1.  Cilemo = Love.

2.  Cizindo = Hate.

3.  Kuzinda = to hate.

4.  Sangumuna = Provoke or irritate or annoy.

5.  Zindzili = Power.

6.  Sindakana = Crush/Squeeze.

7.  Zingusi = Slaps.

8.  Veta = Beat.

9.  Ku veta = To beat.

10.  Kutenuka = get angry.

11.  Lembezieka = Comfort.

12.  Kayando = Suffering.

13.  Vitanga = Problems/Challenges.

14.  Yandesa or Kuyandesa = trouble someone.

15.  Fuitanga or Fuitangana = Struggling with/Burden with.

16.  Vusiua = Grief.

17.  Kulinienga = Complain.

WORDS DEFINING STAGES IN HUMAN LIFE CYCLE AND OTHER RELATED WORDS.

1.  Kakeke = Baby.

-  Mbututu = informal word for baby.

-  Kana = comparatively small or immature of its kind.

2.  Kanike = Child.

3.  Mukuendze = Young Man or a young male between adolescence and maturity.

4.  Muana mpuevo = A girl between puberty and maturity, terminating culturally at the age of majority.

5.  Kansinakazi =   A person who is no longer younger or advanced in age or years.

6.  Mukuluntu =  A person of earlier birth or greater age.

7.  Vakuluntu = Plural or polite form of a person who is older.

8.  Vukuluntu = A person living in an earlier period.

9.  Kakuluntu = A little or worthless old person.

10.  Kuluvala = grow old, or having lived for a long time.

11.  Vunike = Childish. 

Other words used in everyday speech:

1.  Enda = Walk.

-  Endangana = walk hither and thither.

-. Enda vufutianima = walk backwards.

2.  Tunta = Ran.

3.  Kalava = Crawl.

4.  Katuka = Rise.

5.  Mana = Stand up.

6.  Tumbuka = Jump.

8.  Hita = Pass.

-  Hitangana = pass back and forth.

9.  Ya = Go.

-  Hiluka = go back.

10.  Heta = Arrive or attain.

11.  Kuata = Hold.

12.  Eca = Let go.

13.  Mbila = Throw away.

14. Tila = Pour.

-  Muania = spill.

15.  Linga = Do.

16.  Tana = Wash.

17.  Tala = Look.

18.  Ceketa = Walk silently.

19. Miyoyo = Noise.

20. Muzuela = Noisy.

21. Kuzuela = to make noise.

1. Vulo = marriage.

2. Somboka = married or get married.

3. Ntsombola = bride.

4. Lama or kulama mpuevo = betroth or engage.

5. Ondela = pay bride price.

6. Matemo = bride price.

7. Imita or kuimita or kumita = conceive or become pregnant.

8. Vufumba = pregnancy.

9. Lizimo = pregnancy.

10. Funga = labour or the process of childbirth.

11. Kusulumuna = to give birth.

12. Sema or kusema = to give birth.

13. Cifunguizi = birth attendent or midwife.

14. Pulumuisa = miscarriage.

15. Mpongi = stillborn.

16. Mulala or mbaya = monthly period flow or menstruation.

17. Amuesa = breastfeed.

18. Sumuka = to wean.

19. Kulela or lela = nurse a child.

20. Ntsimpi = barren woman.

21. Ku kondola = divorce or send a woman back to her parents.

22. Ntuluue = widow.

23. Muana = child.

24. Vampasa = twins.

25. Vana va kalunga = twins.

26. Kahalu = surviving female twin.

27. Kanianga or kanyanga = surviving male twin.

28. Kafuti = child born after twins.

29. Cinenge or Chinenge = firstborn of female twins.

30. Mbacinenge or Mbachinenge = secondborn of female twins

31. Cilunda or Chilunda = firstborn of male twins

32. Muntomba = secondborn of male twins.

33. Njamba = male child of mixed twins.

34. Ngeve = female child of mixed twins.

35. Ntuatua = firstborn.

1.  Sambelela = to greet or welcome a guest or visitor or newcomer upon arrival with courtesy or cordially.

2.  Hinduisa = greet.

3.  Ngendzi = guest or visitor or newcomer.

4.  Kulisika = farewell or goodbye or to say goodbye.

5.  Sindikiya = escort someone.

6.  Vungendzi = journey.

7.  Enda = walk.

8.  Tunta = ran.

9.  Sekula = chase away.

10  Tina = ran away.

11.  Pituka = escape.

12.  Londa = climb.

13.  Tumbuka = jump.

14.  Kalava = crawl.

15.  Katuka = rise or get up from sitting or kneeling.

16.  Mana = stand or maintain an upright position.

17.  Tumama = sit.

18.  Ya = go.

19.  Hita = pass.

20.  Vanda = hide.

21.  Liata = stamp on.

22.  Kukatala = Exhausted.

23.  Matukuta = sweat.

24  Hunda = wipe.

25   Kuita = rub.