Behavioural vocabulary: Luchazi to English

Luchazi etiquette emphasize respect, politeness and consideration for other's feelings. Here are various words and phrases that describe human behaviour in Lucazi language, categorized by their general tone, and their meanings in English:

Common behaviour terms and phrases in Luchazi to English

General terms used to describe actions, thoughts, and personality.

1. A fua ngue yove – He/she is like you.
2. Cifua cove – Your personality or behaviour.
3. Cilinga – Act; work; deed.
4. Cilingo – Act; work; deed.
5. Kalingo – Habit; tendency; routine.
6. Kalingo-lingo – Habit; tendency; routine.
7. Cilinga ca ntsoni – Shameful act.
8. Cimona – Vision.
9. Cisinganieka – Thought.
10. Hangula – Choose.
11. Himpula – Change.
12. Ku sevuka – To err.
13. Ku suva – To forget.
14. Ku zimbala – To get lost.
15. Kundama – Associate.
16. Ndzumbu – Order.
17. Nji leke via muntu ou – Tell me about this person.
18. Nji na zimbala – I am lost.
19. Nja sevukile – I erred (e.g Ha kuya nja sevukile = at the time of going I erred.)
20. Pandama – Belong to.
21. Seza – Leave; abandon.
22. Simina – To fall short; fail to meet expectations.
23. Singanieka – Think.
24. Sungama – To be straight.
25. Vihimpuiso – Transformations; changes.
26. Vilinga – Acts; works; deeds (plural).
27. Vilinga viove – Your actions.
28. Vipanga – Works.
29. Vipange – Work.
30. Vipanga viove – Your work or deeds.
31. Visinganieka – Thoughts.
32. Visinganieka viove – Your thoughts.
33. Vuhandekelo – Logic; reasoning; argumentation.

Positive relationship-oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms describing virtue, wisdom, and social harmony.

1. Cihuanga – A generous person.
2. Cindele – A person with good manners.
3. Kasingimiko – Respect; honour; dignity.
4. Ku-likehesa – To be humble.
5. Ku silikinia – To be self-controlled; sober-minded.
6. Ku sunguluka – Self-control.
7. Ku suvuluka – To be well-behaved.
8. Liano – Prudence; foresight; discretion.
9. Mamuna – To urge or caution someone.
10. Mpahu – Gracious or great person.
11. Mua ku sungama – Sincerely.
12. Mukua Cikeketima – A merciful person.
13. Mukua ciyulo – Peaceful person; peacemaker.
14. Mukua ku futunka – A high-minded person.
15. Mukua ku hana-hana – A generous or liberal person.
16. Mukua ku kuasa – Helper.
17. Mukua ku silikinia – A self-controlled or sober-minded person.
18. Mukua ku sungama – An upright person.
19. Mukua ku tantuluka – A blameless person.
20. Mukua liano – A prudent person.
21. Mukua mutima ua cili – A tender-hearted person.
22. Mukua ngozi – Kind; thoughtful; caring person.
23. Mukua vusungu – A righteous person.
24. Mukuasi – Helper.
25. Muntu ua mangana – A wise person.
26. Mutantuluke – A perfect or upright person.
27. Mutima ua Cikeketima – Compassionate heart.
28. Nangula – Advise.
29. Sikula – Counsel.
30. Singimika – Respect; honour.
31. Sunguluka – Well-behaved.
32. Vatantuluke – Perfect or upright persons (plural).
33. Vihandeka via ku santsuka – Good speech.
34. Vuhuanga – Virtue; considerateness.
35. Vumpahu – Honour; glory; greatness.
36. Vundele – State of being well-cultured or well-mannered.
37. Vusilikinio – Self-control; sobriety of mind.
38. Vusungu – Sincerity; honesty.
39. Vutantuluke – Perfection.
40. Vuoloke – Integrity.

Luchazi proverb:

Vundele vua cisemua; vusualale vua ku zanga (To be well cultured is by birth; to be a soldier is by desire).

Vulanguluisi: Vimosi vi tu solokela mu miono yetu omo lia cisemua cetu, vunoni vikuavo vi tu solokela omo lia ku hangula cetu.

Ku Hetesa: Ku vize ka via kundamene ku cisemua; hangula na mangana.

Negative relationship-oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms describing vice, conflict, and antisocial traits.

1. Cambangani –  often refers to person who engages in every conversation.
2. Cendangane – Vagabond; nomad; wanderer.
3. Cifui – A selfish person.
4. Cikele – Drunkard.
5. Cikokuezi – Charmer; manipulator; "puller."
6. Cikoyi – Sex worker; prostitute.
7. Cilumbi – A person who does not share.
8. Cindzaluke – Madman.
9. Cinanta ca ngoco – A worthless or useless person.
10. Cipululu – Covetous; envious.
11. Cipuye – Brutish person; savage.
12. Cisaki – Gossip (singular).
13. Civembulu – Insincerity.
14. Cizikue – A stubborn person.
15. Indzi – Malice; ill will.
16. Ka vesi na mana – They lack wisdom/knowledge.
17. Kapopolola – To belittle.
18. Kasahuntu – Disrespectful; lack of courtesy.
19. Kasanguluka – A fickle or unsteady person.
20. Kavuila-matunda – A hypocritical corrector of others' faults.
21. Kayengu – Scorn; derision.
22. Kokola – Deceitful.
23. Ku aluzioka mu zinjila – Flaky; unstable; unreliable.
24. Ku handeka sanda – Profane or vulgar talk.
25. Ku kandula zimpata – To be contentious.
26. Ku kokola – Craftily.
27. Ku licokota – To have hot arguments.
28. Ku lifuimba – To be arrogant or lofty.
29. Ku-lingula – Retribution; vengeance.
30. Ku-liveya – Envy.
31. Ku-suangeleya ca indzi – Enticingly malicious.
32. Ku tomba – To mock.
33. Ku tsopa – To mock or jeer.
34. Ku-tuaha – Slander; backbite.
35. Ku zomba –
36. Ku zaluka – To lose one's mind; run mad.
37. Ku zikua – To be stubborn.
38. Kuhongoloka – To be deceitful or crooked.
39. Kupenda – Intoxication.
40. Kusahula – To disgrace.
41. Kutsahakulia – Gluttonous.
42. Kutangalala – Grandiosity; pomposity.
43. Kutanguka – To backslide or retrogress.
44. Kutuka – To insult or abuse.
45. Kuzoza – Bitter disagreement.
46. Lifui – Selfishness.
47. Lihalesa – Haughtiness; pride.
48. Likamba – Rude; insolent.
49. Lilimi lia makuli – A lying tongue.
50. Lipamba – To boast; boastful.
51. Lisino – Disobedience.
52. Lisungu – Lust.
53. Lizangamena – Devious; crafty; cunning.
54. Loha – Tempt; entice.
55. Mahumbulu – Stiff-necked; haughty and stubborn.
56. Makuli – Lies.
57. Matoto – Indignation; annoyance.
58. Meso a ku kokola – Glancing wantonly.
59. Meso a ku lihalesa – A proud look.
60. Mukua ku enieka – Spoiler.
61. Mukua ku keniuka – A cruel person.
62. Mukua ku onga – Deceiver; scoundrel.
63. Mukua ku peka – Froward.
64. Mukua ku pihilila – A difficult or froward person.
65. Mukua ku tenuka – A tortuous person.
66. Mukua ku tomba – Scorner.
67. Mukua ku vayangela – Vain talker.
68. Mukua likamba – A rude or unruly person.
69. Mukua makuli – Liar.
70. Mukua mitima ivali – Double-minded person.
71. Mukua vuhuke – Wanton person.
72. Mukua vungungu – Treacherous person.
73. Mukua vupuye – Troublemaker; mischievous person.
74. Mukua vutumbe vua vupi – A person of wicked devices.
75. Mukua visaki – Talebearer; gossiper.
76. Mukua zimpata – A stiff-necked person.
77. Mulozi – Witch; practitioner of black magic.
78. Mulumbi – Miser; fool; or time-waster.
79. Muntu ua ku zela ngozi – A merciless person.
80. Musekule – Outcast.
81. Ndzuandzuali – A person who does not help others.
82. Ndzikua / Mukua ku zikua – Stubborn person.
83. Nkulundundu – Vengeful; spiteful.
84. Ntsalanima – Laggard.
85. Ntsekete – Given to much talking; fond of indulging in talk or chatter; loquacious, talkative.
86. Onga – Deceive; trick.
87. Pakesa – To abuse.
88. Puyu – brutish.
89. Sakasueka – Fugitive.
90. Sangumuna – Irritate; provoke.
91. Sina – Obstinate; stubborn.
92. Sinisa – To cause stubbornness.
93. Songangeya – Deceived.
94. Tindiavala – Contentious.
95. Tsopo – A mock or jeer.
96. Tuaha – slander; defame.
97. Tuahela – Defamed; slandered.
98. Tuliamba – Harlots.
99. Ua kala na luozi – He is pugnacious.
100. Ua kala na zimpata – He is a contrary fellow.
101. Uatsahakulia – Glutton.
102. Vakua ku onga – Deceivers.
103. Vakua ku tomba – Scorners.
104. Vakua ku vayangela – Vain talkers.
105. Vakua likamba – Rude/unruly people.
106. Vakua vukuse – The heartless.
107. Vusa = selfishness.
108. Vikoyi – Prostitutes.
109. Vihandeka via ntsoni – Obscene or foolish talk.
110. Vindza – Violence; violent behaviour.
111. Visaki – Gossip; blasphemy (plural).
112. Vituka – Insults.
113. Vuendangana – Aimless wandering.
114. Vuhuke – Wantonness; lack of discipline.
115. Vuhuolohuohuo – Naughtiness.
116. Vukoyi – Prostitution.
117. Vulembekesi – Flattery.
118. Vulumbi – Meanness; stinginess.
119. Vungoco – Uselessness.
120. Vungungu – Treachery; betrayal.
121. Vupi – Evil.
122. Vupuye – Injustice; grievances; brutishness.
123. Vusitu – Inhumane or animal-like behaviour.
124. Vusonde – Danger; perils.
125. Vuzikua – Stubbornness.
126. Zimpata – Stiff-necked; unwilling to accept advice.

Introverted relationship-oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms describing those who are reflective, independent, or prefer solitude.

1. Ciyongo – Meditation; contemplation; pondering; thought.
2. Ciyongola – Thought; contemplation; meditation.
3. Kalivulika – A hermit; a solitary person; one living in solitude.
4. Kambilinginja – An unsociable person or a loner.
5. Ku livindilika – To have no friends.
6. Ku sueka visinganieka – Reticent; not revealing one’s thoughts easily.
7. Ku yongola na visinganieka – Reflective; engaged in deep thoughts.
8. Muenda-lika – Loner; one who prefers not to socialize.
9. Mukua ku kala mu tango-tango – A person living in solitary.
10. Mukua ku livindilika – A person without friends.
11. Mukua ku sueka visinganieka – A person who is reticent.
12. Mukua ku yongola na visinganieka – A person who is reflective and engages in deep thinking.
13. Mukua vuana vua kacisemua – Maverick; an unorthodox or independent-minded person.
14. Ua kala mu tango-tango – He/she lives in solitary.
15. Vusilikinio – Self-control; sober-mindedness; self-awareness (possessing in-depth knowledge of one’s own feelings).

Extroverted relationship-oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms describing those who are social, friendly, or talkative.

1. Ciyakayaka – One who speaks too much.
2. Ku totovoka mu kanua – To be loquacious; very chatty or talkative.
3. Mbembua – Gregarious; fond of company; a close friend to many.
4. NiaNtsekete – "Mother-of-garrulity"; a phrase for an excessively talkative woman.
5. Sangama – To be amiable or friendly; displaying a pleasant manner.
6. Vusamba – Friendship.

Positive task-oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms describing diligence, focus, and dedication to work.

1. Ku likanuuela – To plan; to have a purpose.
2. Ku likanuuela mu mutima – To plan or prepare in the heart.
3. Ku-tsila mutima – To be focused or single-hearted; sincere and dedicated; singleness of heart.
4. Kundika – Commitment.
5. Lunongotima – Diligence; careful and persistent effort; being conscientious.
6. Mukua ku simpa – A person of valour.
7. Mukua ku takama – An industrious or hardworking person.
8. Mukua ku tantuluka – A perfect or blameless person; a perfectionist.
9. Simpa – To endure; to remain firm under suffering or misfortune without yielding.
10. Takama – Active; vigorous; energetic effort; industrious.
11. Tantuluka – Perfect.
12. Vukondi – frugality; being careful, economical, and sparing with money or other resources to avoid waste.

Scriptural & Practical Wisdom:

1. Nga umosi ka hianga ku panga, kati a lie naua – If anyone is not willing to work, let him not eat as well.
2. Mu vipanga viose mua kala nganio; vunoni vihandeka via Milungu vi tuala ku vuhutu lika – In all work there is profit, but mere talk leads only to poverty.
3. Livoko lia vakua ku takama li ka sika – The hand of the diligent rules.

Negative task-oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms describing laziness, carelessness, and avoidance of duty.

1. Cilenda – A lazy person; "lazybones"; one who dislikes activity.
2. Citanguizi – A person who leads others astray.
3. Langa – delay.
4. Ku langa – To delay in doing something.
5. Ku langesa – To cause delays.
6. Ku lihola malambi – To make excuses.
7. Mukua vuimbi – A careless person.
8. Mukua vuoma – A coward.
9. Ndzingulu – Sluggishness; slothfulness; apathy.
10. Tangula – To lead astray.
11. Vakua vuimbi – Careless people (plural).
12. Vuimbi – Carelessness; rushing into things without thought.
13. Vuli – Lacking energy, effort, or care; slackness.
14. Vulenda – Laziness; unwillingness to work.

Warnings on Slothfulness:

1. Kati mu pange na ndzingulu – Do not work slothfully.
2. Kati u leme tulo, ku tina u hete ku vuhutu – Do not love sleep, lest you come to poverty.
3. A kuana ku hutua uze a panga livoko lia vuli – He finds poverty who works with a slack hand.
4. Muono ua cileya u sunguiya, kaha ka uesi na kamo – The soul of the sluggard desires and has nothing (Proverbs 13:4)

Intellect oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms regarding mental acuity, focus, and levels of awareness.

1. Cilungula – An alert person.
2. Cilungula – Alertness; awareness.
3. Ku nianga – To be smart.
4. Ku zangama – To be clever; to be quick-witted or intelligent.
5. Ku zela mana – Lack of wisdom.
6. Lunguka – Alertness; awareness; to be alert.
7. Mangana – Wisdom.
8. Mukua ku tambuluisa – imitator; follower.
9. Mukua ku zangama – A clever person.
10. Muvuzi – Ignoramus; an extremely uneducated person.
11. Nanguka – To be wise.
12. Ndzimba – Ignorance.
13. Nongonona – To discern, understand, or distinguish.
14. Sembulula – Indifference; wilful ignorance; lack of concern.
15. Tsita meso – To fix or focus one's eyes on something.
16. Vakua ku tambuluisa – Followers or imitators (plural).
17. Yongola – To ponder, meditate, or think about.
18. Zangama – Clever; smart; to beware or take heed.

Human virtues and related phrases in Luchazi to English

Qualities valued as morally good and beneficial to society.

1. Cihuanga – An act of generosity or charity.
2. Cikeketima – Compassion; empathy for others' suffering.
3. Ciningi – Understanding.
4. Kolesa – To be strong and steadfast.
5. Ku hana-hana – Generosity.
6. Ku lipokuesa – Temperance.
7. Ku lisimpitika – To be courageous.
8. Ku santsela – Gratitude.
9. Ku simpitika – To be of good courage.
10. Ku tetela – To have compassion (e.g., Ngue omo ise a tetela vana veni – Just as a father has compassion on his children).
11. Ku-konkoma – Humility; meekness; gentleness.
12. Ku-likehesa – To be humble.
13. Lukakatela – Perseverance; patience.
14. Lulavelelo – Hope.
15. Muku – Courage; inspiration.
16. Nkeke – Kindness; kind-heartedness; mercy.
17. Ntsintsa – Patience.
18. Simpitika – To be inspired with courage or hope.
19. Vucili – Goodness.
20. Vuhuanga – Generosity or charity.
21. Vuoloke – Integrity.

Derogatory words and phrases in Luchazi to English

Words used to belittle, ridicule, or disparage others.

1. Celo – Simpleton; dunce; idiot.
2. Ciheve – Fool; a person lacking judgment or prudence.
3. Cikolokomba – Empty-handed person; good-for-nothing.
4. Cileya – fool.
5. Cilima – Uncircumcised.
6. Cimbali – Lackey; one who performs menial tasks for a master.
7. Cisiname – Unwise person; "airhead."
8. Cisunda – Womanizer.
9. Ciyambangane – Senseless chatterer; loudmouth.
10. Cizuluke – A mad person.
11. Kunia (Luchazi Slang) – It means to firmly deal with, reprimand, or discipline someone who is causing trouble (e.g., U Kunia – I will firmly deal with you or beat you.)
12. Heva – fool; foolishness.
13. Ku heva – To be silly or foolish.
14. Hulama – sottish; foolishness.
15. Ku huluma – to be sottish or foolish (e.g., vana va ku huluma – sottish or foolish children).
16. Uasinama – Silly; unwise.
17. Visiname – Unwise people (plural).
18. Vuheve – Foolishness.
19. Vulima – The state of being uncircumcised.
20. Vuzaluke – Madness; state of being disordered in mind.
21. Vusiname – Silliness; lack of common sense.

Idiomatic expressions of behaviour: Luchazi to English

Metaphorical phrases describing a person's character.

1. Ciheve a tembesa vuheve vueni – A fool advertises his foolishness.
2. Cimbembesi ca cipululu – A greedy/covetous spirit.
3. Cimbembesi ca ku konkama – Humble in spirit.
4. Ku enda na mutima ua ku tantuluka – To walk with integrity of heart.
5. Ku lihangula mu mutima – To be selfish in heart; strife in the heart.
6. Ku sinisa mutima – To make the heart obstinate.
7. Meso a ku lihalesa – Proud look; a haughty look.
8. Mutima ua ku lihaka ku vukama – Arrogant heart.
9. Mutima ua ku tantuluka – Integrity of heart.
10. Mutima ua ku tumba vutumbe vua vupi – A heart that devises evil plans.
11. Mutima ua Lizangamena – Subtle of heart.
12. Mutima ua viheve u ambulula vuheve – The heart of fools proclaims foolishness.
13. Mutima ua vuhuka – A froward or perverse heart.
14. Mutima ua vupuye – Twisted mind; brutish or stupid.
15. Njila ya ku tantuluka – A blameless or perfect path of conduct.