Behavioural vocabulary: Luchazi to English

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Behavioural vocabulary: Luchazi to English

Luchazi etiquette emphasize respect, politeness and consideration for other's feelings. Here are various words and phrases that describe human behaviour in Lucazi language, categorized by their general tone, and their meanings in English:

Common behaviour terms and phrases in Luchazi to English

General terms used to describe actions, thoughts, and personality.
  1. A fua ngue yove – He/she is like you.
  2. Cifua cove – Your personality or behaviour.
  3. Cilinga – Act; work; deed.
  4. Cilinga ca ntsoni – Shameful act.
  5. Cimona – Vision.
  6. Cisinganieka – Thought.
  7. Hangula – Choose.
  8. Himpula – Change.
  9. Ku sevuka – To err.
  10. Ku suva – To forget.
  11. Ku zimbala – To get lost.
  12. Kundama – Associate.
  13. Ndzumbu – Order.
  14. Nji leke via muntu ou – Tell me about this person.
  15. Nji na zimbala – I am lost.
  16. Nja sevukile – I erred (e.g Ha kuya nja sevukile = at the time of going I erred.)
  17. Pandama – Belong to.
  18. Seza – Leave; abandon.
  19. Simina – To fall short; fail to meet expectations.
  20. Singanieka – Think.
  21. Sungama – To be straight.
  22. Vihimpuiso – Transformations; changes.
  23. Vilinga – Acts; works; deeds (plural).
  24. Vilinga viove – Your actions.
  25. Vipanga – Works.
  26. Vipange – Work.
  27. Vipanga viove – Your work or deeds.
  28. Visinganieka – Thoughts.
  29. Visinganieka viove – Your thoughts.
  30. Vuhandekelo – Logic; reasoning; argumentation.

Positive relationship-oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms describing virtue, wisdom, and social harmony.
  1. Cihuanga – A generous person.
  2. Cindele – A person with good manners.
  3. Kasingimiko – Respect; honour; dignity.
  4. Ku-likehesa – To be humble.
  5. Ku silikinia – To be self-controlled; sober-minded.
  6. Ku sunguluka – Self-control.
  7. Ku suvuluka – To be well-behaved.
  8. Liano – Prudence; foresight; discretion.
  9. Mamuna – To urge or caution someone.
  10. Mpahu – Gracious or great person.
  11. Mua ku sungama – Sincerely.
  12. Mukua Cikeketima – A merciful person.
  13. Mukua ciyulo – Peaceful person; peacemaker.
  14. Mukua ku futunka – A high-minded person.
  15. Mukua ku hana-hana – A generous or liberal person.
  16. Mukua ku kuasa – Helper.
  17. Mukua ku silikinia – A self-controlled or sober-minded person.
  18. Mukua ku sungama – An upright person.
  19. Mukua ku tantuluka – A blameless person.
  20. Mukua liano – A prudent person.
  21. Mukua mutima ua cili – A tender-hearted person.
  22. Mukua ngozi – Kind; thoughtful; caring person.
  23. Mukua vusungu – A righteous person.
  24. Mukuasi – Helper.
  25. Muntu ua mangana – A wise person.
  26. Mutantuluke – A perfect or upright person.
  27. Mutima ua Cikeketima – Compassionate heart.
  28. Nangula – Advise.
  29. Sikula – Counsel.
  30. Singimika – Respect; honour.
  31. Sunguluka – Well-behaved.
  32. Vatantuluke – Perfect or upright persons (plural).
  33. Vihandeka via ku santsuka – Good speech.
  34. Vuhuanga – Virtue; considerateness.
  35. Vumpahu – Honour; glory; greatness.
  36. Vundele – State of being well-cultured or well-mannered.
  37. Vusilikinio – Self-control; sobriety of mind.
  38. Vusungu – Sincerity; honesty.
  39. Vutantuluke – Perfection.
  40. Vuoloke – Integrity.

Luchazi proverb:

Vundele vua cisemua; vusualale vua ku zanga (To be well cultured is by birth; to be a soldier is by desire).

Vulanguluisi: Vimosi vi tu solokela mu miono yetu omo lia cisemua cetu, vunoni vikuavo vi tu solokela omo lia ku hangula cetu.

Ku Hetesa: Ku vize ka via kundamene ku cisemua; hangula na mangana.

Negative relationship-oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms describing vice, conflict, and antisocial traits.
  1. Cambangani –  often refers to person who engages in every conversation.
  2. Cendangane – Vagabond; nomad; wanderer.
  3. Cifui – A selfish person.
  4. Cikele – Drunkard.
  5. Cikokuezi – Charmer; manipulator; "puller."
  6. Cikoyi – Sex worker; prostitute.
  7. Cilumbi – A person who does not share.
  8. Cindzaluke – Madman.
  9. Cinanta ca ngoco – A worthless or useless person.
  10. Cipululu – Covetous; envious.
  11. Cipuye – Brutish person; savage.
  12. Cisaki – Gossip (singular).
  13. Civembulu – Insincerity.
  14. Cizikue – A stubborn person.
  15. Indzi – Malice; ill will.
  16. Ka vesi na mana – They lack wisdom/knowledge.
  17. Kapopolola – To belittle.
  18. Kasahuntu – Disrespectful; lack of courtesy.
  19. Kasanguluka – A fickle or unsteady person.
  20. Kavuila-matunda – A hypocritical corrector of others' faults.
  21. Kayengu – Scorn; derision.
  22. Kokola – Deceitful.
  23. Ku aluzioka mu zinjila – Flaky; unstable; unreliable.
  24. Ku handeka sanda – Profane or vulgar talk.
  25. Ku kandula zimpata – To be contentious.
  26. Ku kokola – Craftily.
  27. Ku licokota – To have hot arguments.
  28. Ku lifuimba – To be arrogant or lofty.
  29. Ku-lingula – Retribution; vengeance.
  30. Ku-liveya – Envy.
  31. Ku-suangeleya ca indzi – Enticingly malicious.
  32. Ku tomba – To mock.
  33. Ku tsopa – To mock or jeer.
  34. Ku-tuaha – Slander; backbite.
  35. Ku zaluka – To lose one's mind; run mad.
  36. Ku zikua – To be stubborn.
  37. Kuhongoloka – To be deceitful or crooked.
  38. Kupenda – Intoxication.
  39. Kusahula – To disgrace.
  40. Kutsahakulia – Gluttonous.
  41. Kutangalala – Grandiosity; pomposity.
  42. Kutanguka – To backslide or retrogress.
  43. Kutuka – To insult or abuse.
  44. Kuzoza – Bitter disagreement.
  45. Lifui – Selfishness.
  46. Lihalesa – Haughtiness; pride.
  47. Likamba – Rude; insolent.
  48. Lilimi lia makuli – A lying tongue.
  49. Lipamba – To boast; boastful.
  50. Lisino – Disobedience.
  51. Lisungu – Lust.
  52. Lizangamena – Devious; crafty; cunning.
  53. Loha – Tempt; entice.
  54. Makuli – Lies.
  55. Matoto – Indignation; annoyance.
  56. Meso a ku kokola – Glancing wantonly.
  57. Meso a ku lihalesa – A proud look.
  58. Mukua ku enieka – Spoiler.
  59. Mukua ku keniuka – A cruel person.
  60. Mukua ku onga – Deceiver; scoundrel.
  61. Mukua ku peka – Froward.
  62. Mukua ku pihilila – A difficult or froward person.
  63. Mukua ku tenuka – A tortuous person.
  64. Mukua ku tomba – Scorner.
  65. Mukua ku vayangela – Vain talker.
  66. Mukua likamba – A rude or unruly person.
  67. Mukua makuli – Liar.
  68. Mukua mitima ivali – Double-minded person.
  69. Mukua vuhuke – Wanton person.
  70. Mukua vungungu – Treacherous person.
  71. Mukua vupuye – Troublemaker; mischievous person.
  72. Mukua vutumbe vua vupi – A person of wicked devices.
  73. Mukua visaki – Talebearer; gossiper.
  74. Mukua zimpata – A stiff-necked person.
  75. Mulozi – Witch; practitioner of black magic.
  76. Mulumbi – Miser; fool; or time-waster.
  77. Muntu ua ku zela ngozi – A merciless person.
  78. Musekule – Outcast.
  79. Ndzuandzuali – A person who does not help others.
  80. Ndzikua / Mukua ku zikua – Stubborn person.
  81. Nkulundundu – Vengeful; spiteful.
  82. Ntsalanima – Laggard.
  83. Onga – Deceive; trick.
  84. Pakesa – To abuse.
  85. Sakasueka – Fugitive.
  86. Sangumuna – Irritate; provoke.
  87. Sina – Obstinate; stubborn.
  88. Sinisa – To cause stubbornness.
  89. Songangeya – Deceived.
  90. Tindiavala – Contentious.
  91. Tsopo – A mock or jeer.
  92. Tuaha – slander; defame.
  93. Tuahela – Defamed; slandered.
  94. Tuliamba – Harlots.
  95. Ua kala na luozi – He is pugnacious.
  96. Ua kala na zimpata – He is a contrary fellow.
  97. Uatsahakulia – Glutton.
  98. Vakua ku onga – Deceivers.
  99. Vakua ku tomba – Scorners.
  100. Vakua ku vayangela – Vain talkers.
  101. Vakua likamba – Rude/unruly people.
  102. Vakua vukuse – The heartless.
  103. Vikoyi – Prostitutes.
  104. Vihandeka via ntsoni – Obscene or foolish talk.
  105. Vindza – Violence; violent behaviour.
  106. Visaki – Gossip; blasphemy (plural).
  107. Vituka – Insults.
  108. Vuendangana – Aimless wandering.
  109. Vuhuke – Wantonness; lack of discipline.
  110. Vuhuolohuohuo – Naughtiness.
  111. Vukondi – Stinginess.
  112. Vukoyi – Prostitution.
  113. Vulembekesi – Flattery.
  114. Vulumbi – Meanness; stinginess.
  115. Vungoco – Uselessness.
  116. Vungungu – Treachery; betrayal.
  117. Vupi – Evil.
  118. Vupuye – Injustice; grievances; brutishness.
  119. Vusitu – Inhumane or animal-like behaviour.
  120. Vusonde – Danger; perils.
  121. Vuzikua – Stubbornness.
  122. Zimpata – Stiff-necked; unwilling to accept advice.

Luchazi proverb: 

Ua ku mona vulumbi, tangua a ku vulumuna (He who sees you as a miserly person, some day will harm you).

Vulanguluisi: Uze ka kele na vusamba nove hamosi a li na nkulundundu nove cipue likitikiti nove

Ku Hetesa: Vize vi va panga vantu vi solola vize vi li mu mitima yavo.

Introverted relationship-oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms describing those who are reflective, independent, or prefer solitude.
  1. Ciyongo – Meditation; contemplation; pondering; thought.
  2. Ciyongola – Thought; contemplation; meditation.
  3. Kalivulika – A hermit; a solitary person; one living in solitude.
  4. Kambilinginja – An unsociable person or a loner.
  5. Ku livindilika – To have no friends.
  6. Ku sueka visinganieka – Reticent; not revealing one’s thoughts easily.
  7. Ku yongola na visinganieka – Reflective; engaged in deep thoughts.
  8. Muenda-lika – Loner; one who prefers not to socialize.
  9. Mukua ku kala mu tango-tango – A person living in solitary.
  10. Mukua ku livindilika – A person without friends.
  11. Mukua ku sueka visinganieka – A person who is reticent.
  12. Mukua ku yongola na visinganieka – A person who is reflective and engages in deep thinking.
  13. Mukua vuana vua kacisemua – Maverick; an unorthodox or independent-minded person.
  14. Ua kala mu tango-tango – He/she lives in solitary.
  15. Vusilikinio – Self-control; sober-mindedness; self-awareness (possessing in-depth knowledge of one’s own feelings).

Luchazi proverb: 

Kalivulika kesi na nkombe; kasanguluka kesi na kanua (The hermit has no purse; the fickle one has no mouth).

Vulanguluisi: Kambilinginja ikeye uze a yoya kua lika lieni, kaha ka leme ku andama na vantu kaha kesi na vimo via ku pangeziela na vakuenu. Kaha uze ua sanguluka ikeye ntsimbu yose a li na mitima ivali kaha ka hasa ku teta lizi mpundu. Mukemo uze ua sanguluka kesi na vimo via ku handeka vi tu hasa ku tsiliela.

Ku Hetesa: Cifui, ikeye uze a lengeya vieni lika, hamo na uze ua mana ha mankano ntsimbu yose ka va hasa ku kuasa mu ku tuamenena mbunga.

Luchazi proverb 2:

Muenda-lika ua mona ua mu lia; ua mu zimbula uahi (The lone walker will see what kills him; but nobody reports his whereabouts).

Vulanguluisi: Muntu uze uenda lika lieni, hamosi a ka hasa ku mona vika vi ka mu tsiha vunoni omo nende lika lieni na umo uahi a ka hasa ku langulula vika via mu lile.

Ku Hetesa: Ua ku lilila cifui, uahi. Omo ua kele na muono ka hakele seho ha vaze va lihatele neni mukemo omo nai na umo uahi a ka mu lilila.

3. Luchazi proverb 3: 

Kangumu ka-mu-enda-lika; vantsonge va li vutanga (An only child is a recluse; lechwes are in a herd).

Vulanguluisi: Kangumu zintsimbu zimo ue ku himpuka mukua ku livindilika kaha kesi na vavusamba va cili. Mukemo mbunga ka ye ku mu yongola vunoni va lengeya vaze va na lilongesa vutongue vua ku liendelela na vantu.

Ku Hetesa: Lengeya vusamba na vantu va na ku zingilika, kati u himpuke kambilinginja.

Extroverted relationship-oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms describing those who are social, friendly, or talkative.
  1. Ciyakayaka – One who speaks too much.
  2. Ku totovoka mu kanua – To be loquacious; very chatty or talkative.
  3. Mbembua – Gregarious; fond of company; a close friend to many.
  4. NiaNtsekete – "Mother-of-garrulity"; a phrase for an excessively talkative woman.
  5. Sangama – To be amiable or friendly; displaying a pleasant manner.
  6. Vusamba – Friendship.

Positive task-oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms describing diligence, focus, and dedication to work.
  1. Ku likanuuela – To plan; to have a purpose.
  2. Ku likanuuela mu mutima – To plan or prepare in the heart.
  3. Ku-tsila mutima – To be focused or single-hearted; sincere and dedicated; singleness of heart.
  4. Kundika – Commitment.
  5. Lunongotima – Diligence; careful and persistent effort; being conscientious.
  6. Mukua ku simpa – A person of valour.
  7. Mukua ku takama – An industrious or hardworking person.
  8. Mukua ku tantuluka – A perfect or blameless person; a perfectionist.
  9. Simpa – To endure; to remain firm under suffering or misfortune without yielding.
  10. Takama – Active; vigorous; energetic effort; industrious.
  11. Tantuluka – Perfect.

Scriptural & Practical Wisdom:

  1. Nga umosi ka hianga ku panga, kati a lie naua – If anyone is not willing to work, let him not eat as well.
  2. Mu vipanga viose mua kala nganio; vunoni vihandeka via Milungu vi tuala ku vuhutu lika – In all work there is profit, but mere talk leads only to poverty.
  3. Livoko lia vakua ku takama li ka sika – The hand of the diligent rules.

Luchazi proverb:

Mu a sanda kasumbi ka mue ku hua ku nona; mu a handeka muntu ke ku lingamo muose (Where a hen scratches up it is impossible to finish picking up; what a person says he does not do as he said.)

Vulanguluisi: Ci pua ca cikalu ku nona viose via a sanda kasumbi kaha muntu a handeka via vingi vintsa ka vi ka hasa ku puisamo.

Ku Hetesa: Ku handeka na ku linga vi na liseza mua kama.

Negative task-oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms describing laziness, carelessness, and avoidance of duty.
  1. Cilenda – A lazy person; "lazybones"; one who dislikes activity.
  2. Citanguizi – A person who leads others astray.
  3. Langa – delay.
  4. Ku langa – To delay in doing something.
  5. Ku langesa – To cause delays.
  6. Ku lihola malambi – To make excuses.
  7. Mukua vuimbi – A careless person.
  8. Mukua vuoma – A coward.
  9. Ndzingulu – Sluggishness; slothfulness; apathy.
  10. Tangula – To lead astray.
  11. Vakua vuimbi – Careless people (plural).
  12. Vuimbi – Carelessness; rushing into things without thought.
  13. Vuli – Lacking energy, effort, or care; slackness.
  14. Vulenda – Laziness; unwillingness to work.

Warnings on Slothfulness:

  1. Kati mu pange na ndzingulu – Do not work slothfully.
  2. Kati u leme tulo, ku tina u hete ku vuhutu – Do not love sleep, lest you come to poverty.
  3. A kuana ku hutua uze a panga livoko lia vuli – He finds poverty who works with a slack hand.
  4. Muono ua cileya u sunguiya, kaha ka uesi na kamo – The soul of the sluggard desires and has nothing (Proverbs 13:4)

Luchazi proverb: 

Ha kacana ka likenuke; u ku likenuka, u ku salaho (On the "little plain of looking back"; you look back, you will remain there).

Vulanguluisi: "Ku likenuka" cikeco ku tala ku nima na luiso cipue na vuoma kaha nga u tala-tala u ku hasa ku sala ku nima.

Ku Hetesa: Mu ku pasuka ku luholo mu nkala cipanga, ca tu pande ku tala ku lutue ku vize vi na tu kambela kati ku nima ku vize vi tu na seza.

Intellect oriented behaviour: Luchazi to English

Terms regarding mental acuity, focus, and levels of awareness.
  1. Cilungula – An alert person.
  2. Cilungula – Alertness; awareness.
  3. Ku nianga – To be smart.
  4. Ku zangama – To be clever; to be quick-witted or intelligent.
  5. Ku zela mana – Lack of wisdom.
  6. Lunguka – Alertness; awareness; to be alert.
  7. Mangana – Wisdom.
  8. Mukua ku tambuluisa – imitator; follower.
  9. Mukua ku zangama – A clever person.
  10. Muvuzi – Ignoramus; an extremely uneducated person.
  11. Nanguka – To be wise.
  12. Ndzimba – Ignorance.
  13. Nongonona – To discern, understand, or distinguish.
  14. Sembulula – Indifference; wilful ignorance; lack of concern.
  15. Tsita meso – To fix or focus one's eyes on something.
  16. Vakua ku tambuluisa – Followers or imitators (plural).
  17. Yongola – To ponder, meditate, or think about.
  18. Zangama – Clever; smart; to beware or take heed.

Human virtues and related phrases in Luchazi to English

Qualities valued as morally good and beneficial to society.
  1. Cihuanga – An act of generosity or charity.
  2. Cikeketima – Compassion; empathy for others' suffering.
  3. Ciningi – Understanding.
  4. Kolesa – To be strong and steadfast.
  5. Ku hana-hana – Generosity.
  6. Ku lipokuesa – Temperance.
  7. Ku lisimpitika – To be courageous.
  8. Ku santsela – Gratitude.
  9. Ku simpitika – To be of good courage.
  10. Ku tetela – To have compassion (e.g., Ngue omo ise a tetela vana veni – Just as a father has compassion on his children).
  11. Ku-konkoma – Humility; meekness; gentleness.
  12. Ku-likehesa – To be humble.
  13. Lukakatela – Perseverance; patience.
  14. Lulavelelo – Hope.
  15. Muku – Courage; inspiration.
  16. Nkeke – Kindness; kind-heartedness; mercy.
  17. Ntsintsa – Patience.
  18. Simpitika – To be inspired with courage or hope.
  19. Vucili – Goodness.
  20. Vuhuanga – Generosity or charity.
  21. Vuoloke – Integrity.

Luchazi proverb:

Tsiliela na ku hie; na ku sika, na ku ongo (Trust the one who has given to you; the one who has only promised has deceived you).

Vulanguluisi: Vantu va litavasiana vunoni vamo ka ve ku puisamo mu vize vi va na handeka. Nga ka va puisilemo mu vize vi va na handeka kaha va pua vakua makuli. Mukemo ca cili ku tsiliela uze lika na ku hana laza.

Ku Hetesa: Haka lutsilielo luove kuli uze na lisolola cihuanga laza.

Derogatory words and phrases in Luchazi to English

Words used to belittle, ridicule, or disparage others.
  1. Celo – Simpleton; dunce; idiot.
  2. Ciheve – Fool; a person lacking judgment or prudence.
  3. Cikolokomba – Empty-handed person; good-for-nothing.
  4. Cileya – fool.
  5. Cilima – Uncircumcised.
  6. Cimbali – Lackey; one who performs menial tasks for a master.
  7. Cisiname – Unwise person; "airhead."
  8. Cisunda – Womanizer.
  9. Ciyambangane – Senseless chatterer; loudmouth.
  10. Cizuluke – A mad person.
  11. Ku heva – To be silly or foolish.
  12. Uasinama – Silly; unwise.
  13. Visiname – Unwise people (plural).
  14. Vuheve – Foolishness.
  15. Vulima – The state of being uncircumcised.
  16. Vuzaluke – Madness; state of being disordered in mind.
  17. Vusiname – Silliness; lack of common sense.

Idiomatic expressions of behaviour: Luchazi to English

Metaphorical phrases describing a person's character.
  1. Ciheve a tembesa vuheve vueni – A fool advertises his foolishness.
  2. Cimbembesi ca cipululu – A greedy/covetous spirit.
  3. Cimbembesi ca ku konkama – Humble in spirit.
  4. Ku enda na mutima ua ku tantuluka – To walk with integrity of heart.
  5. Ku lihangula mu mutima – To be selfish in heart; strife in the heart.
  6. Ku sinisa mutima – To make the heart obstinate.
  7. Meso a ku lihalesa – Proud look; a haughty look.
  8. Mutima ua ku lihaka ku vukama – Arrogant heart.
  9. Mutima ua ku tantuluka – Integrity of heart.
  10. Mutima ua ku tumba vutumbe vua vupi – A heart that devises evil plans.
  11. Mutima ua Lizangamena – Subtle of heart.
  12. Mutima ua viheve u ambulula vuheve – The heart of fools proclaims foolishness.
  13. Mutima ua vuhuka – A froward or perverse heart.
  14. Mutima ua vupuye – Twisted mind; brutish or stupid.
  15. Njila ya ku tantuluka – A blameless or perfect path of conduct.
A blogger and creative thinker from the Nama clan of the Luchazi people; born from his mother with the lightning bolt. Went to school of life with the alligator and learnt the lessons of the crocodile. He is passionate about his culture and takes every chance to document traditions, customs, culture of the Luchazi people. His great grandfather, Muyemba, from the Nama clan came in with thunder and got out with thunder. And his great grandmother, Mpulu, from the Chungu clan was conceived in the clouds with thunder.

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Wild animal vocabulary: Luchazi to English Animal vocabulary in Luchazi language refers to the set of words and terms related to animals, and their classifications. In my inquiries, I have observed that the names of some wild animals such as giraffes, cheetahs differ from one Luchazi community to another because these animals are not found in places occupied by the Luchazi people especially the giraffe species, chimpanzees and gorillas. Giraffes are found in southern part of Angola only, and in Zambia they are found in western province (Sioma) and eastern province respectively. Chimpanzees and gorillas are found in northern parts of Angola (Cabinda), and there are no chimpanzees and gorillas in Zambia. For the sake of learning, we shall include the names of animals given by the different Luchazi communities. This vocabulary include the following categories: General Animal terms and phrases in Luchazi to English Kasitu = animal. Tusitu (plural) = animals. Kasitu ua ku musenge = wild a...
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