The past indefinite tense in Luchazi

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Past indefinite tenses in Luchazi

The past indefinite tense is a verb tense used to describe complete actions that occurred at a specific point in the past. It indicates that the action has finished and is not ongoing. In English language, regular verbs use or add -ed (e.g. talked), while irregular verbs change form (e.g. went). Generally, it is used for recounting events, sharing past experiences and storytelling. In Luchazi, the past indefinite tense (with negative mood) follows a definite law of harmony of vowels and consonants, here is how they are formed:

Verbs having a, e, or o, add 'ele'

Here is a list of examples and their meanings in English:
  1. Ambatele = took; married.
  2. Asele = shot.
  3. Asangele
  4. Ecelele = released; forgave.
  5. Hakele = placed.
  6. Hasele = managed; able.
  7. Handekele = said.
  8. Handekesele = consulted.
  9. Hangesele = gave out in marriage.
  10. Hetele = reached.
  11. Hiangele = wanted.
  12. Hondele = hanged (execution).
  13. Hozelelele = blown.
  14. Katalele = exhausted; tired.
  15. Kavele = followed.
  16. Kuatele = seized; captured; arrested.
  17. Kombeleyele = sacrificed.
  18. Komokele = amazed; astonished; surprised.
  19. Kondokele = went out or up.
  20. Konkokele = dozed off.
  21. Kosele = displeased.
  22. Kosele = slept.
  23. Kovelele = entered.
  24. Lambelelele = besought.
  25. Lambesele = caressed.
  26. Landele = bought.
  27. Lekele = told.
  28. Lemekele = saddled.
  29. Lengeyele = wanted; tried.
  30. Likelele = stopped.
  31. Liveyele = coveted.
  32. Lohele = tempted; tested; tried.
  33. Londele = climbed.
  34. Muambele = what he/she said.
  35. Muesele = showed.
  36. Nehele = brought.
  37. Nianiatele = fondled; pressed (of breasts).
  38. Niengele = annoyed.
  39. Ningangele = rocked.
  40. Nonekele = positioned; posted; stationed.
  41. Nongele = extinct.
  42. Nongesele = killed; destroyed.
  43. Niondelelele = crept.
  44. Ohielele = saved; rescued.
  45. Ongolokele = turned aside.
  46. Ononuesele = subdued.
  47. Pangele = made.
  48. Pangelele = distributed.
  49. Pokokele = broken.
  50. Salekele = laid or touched by hands.
  51. Sambelele = greeted.
  52. Sandukiele = scattered.
  53. Santselele = thanked.
  54. Sehelele = valued.
  55. Singaniekele = thought.
  56. Somokele = fell out of the sheath.
  57. Sokele = locked.
  58. Sosele = lowered by rope.
  59. Sonekele = wrote.
  60. Suangeleyele = persuaded.
  61. Talele = looked.
  62. Takelekele = coerced; persuaded; pressed; pressured.
  63. Tambekele = called out; shouted.
  64. Tandele = counted.
  65. Tangele = created.
  66. Tanesele = washed.
  67. Tantekeyele = knew.
  68. Tavele = agreed.
  69. Tetele = cut.
  70. Tendekele = lifted (one's voice) at a high pitch.
  71. Tokele = delayed; tarried.
  72. Tokekele = joined.
  73. Tsembele = kissed.
  74. Tondele = searched.
  75. Tsopele = jeered.
  76. Tualele = took.
  77. Vangelele = falsely accused.
  78. Vetele = beaten; smote.
  79. Vavalele = became ill.
  80. Vuezelele = increased.
  81. Yandele = suffered.
  82. Yevetele = whispered.
  83. Yoyele = lived.
  84. Zalele = dressed.
  85. Zambalele = lost.
  86. Zangele = wanted; desired.
  87. Zazele = trembled.
  88. Zengelele = wrapped.
  89. Zimbalesele = lost.
  90. Zolele = laughed.
  91. Zualesele = defiled; polluted.
  92. Zumbuokele = longed; homesick.

Verbs having i or u change to 'ile'

The best examples are, Hiti changes to hitile, Piti changes to Pitile and Lingi changes to lingile. There are regular verbs and irregular verbs in this category. Here are examples and their meanings in English:
  1. Alulukile = turned.
  2. Cinkikile = instructed; charged; commanded.
  3. Fumisile= brought out.
  4. Fukukile
  5. Emukile = opened (of eyes).
  6. Fuikile = covered.
  7. Hilukile = returned.
  8. Hiluisile = brought back.
  9. Himpukile = changed; transformed.
  10. Hindukile = arose; got up.
  11. Hitile = passed.
  12. Huile = asked.
  13. Ile = went.
  14. Inikilile = pointed.
  15. Kandukile = ascended.
  16. Kanduisile = bought up.
  17. Kenukile = looked behind (lustfully or longingly).
  18. Kundikile = dedicated.
  19. Kungulukile = gathered.
  20. Kutile = tied; bound.
  21. Kuitile = rubbed.
  22. Lile = ate.
  23. Lilile = cried; wept.
  24. Lisile = fed.
  25. Lingile = did.
  26. Lingilile = did.
  27. Lukile = named.
  28. Lunguisile = rewarded.
  29. Lupukile = hurried off.
  30. Mungile = moulded; formed.
  31. Nangukile = warned; advised.
  32. Niungile = guarded.
  33. Piantsukile = slipped.
  34. Pitile = passed.
  35. Pundile = robbed.
  36. Sangukile = resurrected.
  37. Sangumukile = began.
  38. Semukile = born.
  39. Semukilile = born.
  40. Sikile = promised; commanded.
  41. Sikumukile = descended.
  42. Sindiyile = compelled.
  43. Sulukile = got down.
  44. Sumukile = weaned.
  45. Sukikile = hanged.
  46. Suntsukile = stumbled.
  47. Suvile = forgotten.
  48. Talikile = adorned; decorated; decked.
  49. Tangukile = strayed.
  50. Tavukile = torn; split.
  51. Tenukile = became furious.
  52. Tililile = poured out.
  53. Tintukile = leap out; detached; alienated; turned away; distanced.
  54. Tsekukile = loosed; disjoint; disconnected; dislocated.
  55. Tsile = died.
  56. Tsimikile = burned.
  57. Tsihile = killed.
  58. Tsindile = buried.
  59. Tumbikile = placed.
  60. Tungile = built.
  61. Tungilile = built.
  62. Tuntile = ran.
  63. Tuile = pounded.
  64. Tulile = arrived; arrived.
  65. Uile = fell.
  66. Uililile = fell down.
  67. Viukililile = delighted.
  68. Vulile = triumphed.
  69. Vuile = heard; felt.
  70. Vuililile = heard; felt.
  71. Vulukile = remembered.
  72. Vundumukile = overwhelmed; affected; moved.
  73. Yelukile = hovered; floated; lifted up.
  74. Yulile = made peace.
  75. Zavukile = crossed.
  76. Zindile = hated.
  77. Zikile = clothed; dressed.
  78. Zingilikile = surrounded.

Verbs ending in 'ene' or 'ine'

Here are examples and their meanings in English:
  1. Kotamene = bowed.
  2. Kuaniene = replied; answered.
  3. Lemene = loved.
  4. Muaniene = poured.
  5. Muene = saw; perceived; realized.
  6. Nonene = picked.
  7. Nongonuene = discerned.
  8. Sanene = called out.
  9. Semene = bore.
  10. Semenene = bore.
  11. Suamene = kindled; flamed.
  12. Suamenene = kindled; flamed.
  13. Suenene = moved closer.
  14. Somuene = drew (of sword)
  15. Tambakanene = shouted; called out.
  16. Tanene = washed.
  17. Tumamene = dwelt; lived.
  18. Tsenene = trampled; stamped.
  19. Tsikamene = knelt.
  20. Uanene found.
  21. Vianene = refused; denied.
  22. Vulumanene = prostrated; proned; fell on one's face.
  23. Cinine = danced.
  24. Fumine = came.
  25. Huimine = rested.
  26. Mamuine = urged.
  27. Minine = swallowed.
  28. Ndundumine = shook.
  29. Nuine = drank.
  30. Sangumuine = provoked.
  31. Sumine = bitten.
  32. Temuine = sparkled.
  33. Tinine = fled.
  34. Tsakunuine = unplugged; plucked.
  35. Tumine = sent.
  36. Vulumuine = offended.
  37. Zimine = thundered.

Verbs ending in 'ola' change to 'uele'

Here are examples and their meanings in English:
  1. Litombuele = corresponded.
  2. Nokouele = soaked by rain.
  3. Nienguele = angered; annoyed.
  4. Oluele = stretched.
  5. Ovuele = saved.
  6. Sanduuele = scattered.
  7. Sokoluele = opened.
  8. Soluele = revealed.
  9. Uoluele = he/she stretched.
  10. Vetuele = beaten; chastised.
  11. Yonguele = thought.

Verbs ending in 'ula' change to 'uile'

Here is a list of examples and their meanings in English:
  1. Ambuluile = told; narrated.
  2. Anduile = lifted up (eyes).
  3. Fukuile = uncovered.
  4. Hanguile = chose.
  5. Huile = finished.
  6. Kanguluile = gathered.
  7. Lemuuile = 
  8. Leuluile = defied; challenged.
  9. Luile = fought.
  10. Lingiuile = done or happened.
  11. Nanguile = warned; advised.
  12. Panduluile = saved.
  13. Pazuile = broke.
  14. Puluile = flew.
  15. Sekuile = chased.
  16. Sikuile = counselled.
  17. Tambuile = took.
  18. Tentuile = took.
  19. Teuile = shaved; polled.
  20. Tuhuile = produced.
  21. Tumbuile = announced.
  22. Unguluile = gathered (of farm produce).
  23. Yeluile = hovered; floated; lifted up.
  24. Zanguile = hurried.
  25. Zekuile = spat.
  26. Zimbuile = reported.
  27. Zumbuile = shared; distributed.
  28. Zunduile = lifted.
To be continued...
A blogger and creative thinker from the Nama clan of the Luchazi people; born from his mother with the lightning bolt. Went to school of life with the alligator and learnt the lessons of the crocodile. He is passionate about his culture and takes every chance to document traditions, customs, culture of the Luchazi people. His great grandfather, Muyemba, from the Nama clan came in with thunder and got out with thunder. And his great grandmother, Mpulu, from the Chungu clan was conceived in the clouds with thunder.

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